Réforme avec le variateur de fréquence dans le ventilateur axial contrarotatif de mine
2009-12-21 9:30:44
Résumé : en raison de conditions de production compliquées et d’effets sur l’environnement, les équipements fonctionnant dans les mines sont usuellement de grands produits. Le moteur tourne toujours à pleine vitesse « un grand couple tirant un petit chariot » n’est pas inhabituel. Le gâchis d’énergie est important. Comment réduire le coût de production et augmenter l’efficience via l’innovation technique et un problème urgent pour les compagnies de charbon.
Mots clés : variateur de fréquence moyenne tension VFD, ventilateur axial contrarotatif, ajustement de vitesse, économie d’énergie.

I.Necessity of VFD reform

Contra-rotating axial-flow fan is backbone of breath system in mine. It works in 24 hours continuously. With digging and exploring extending, lane prolongs and air flow damand increases continuously. Fan power should increase. Air flow demand also requires to be adjusted due to seasons come and go. But power of motor and fan in coal mine is usually far more than operation power of normal production.

Motor model is designed as per the most inferior stage. Generally, design motor power as per actual air flow parameter, calcualtion is following:

N-motor power（kW）；

P_st－resistance in most inferior stage（Pa） ；

Q－total air flow in most inferior stage（m³/s）；

η_st－actual efficiency；

K－power margin, usually it is K＝1.1～1.15

Conventionally, air flow is adjusted by adjustment damper or valve opening. There are following problems in terms of fan model and production state.

1. Serious waste

Fan model is designed with big redundancy, but it works in light load mostly. Damper adjustment causes serious energy waste and cost rising.

2. Difficult start-up and serious mechanical damage

Time of direct start is long and start current is big, which threatens motor insulation. Single shaft torque makes fan cause big vibration force, thereby affecting lifetime of motor, fan and other equipments.

3. Low automatization level

Damper adjustment has no function of instant auto-adjustment. In the case of fault, such as flow short circuit, it will affect production badly.

VFD is a new power inverter and it has applied in industry maturely. It not only starts motor easily with lots of protections but also saves energy. So it is very necessary to utilize VFD to improve safety and automatization.

II. Characters of contra-rotating axial flow fan

Install an impeller behind of another but rotating direction of impellers is opposite. We call it contra-rotating axial-flow fan. Two levels of impellers are contraposition and they are driven by same model motors. First level impeller rotates clockwise and the second level impeller rotates anticlockwise. Entering the first impeller, air gets energy and then air is discharged through the second impeller. Second impeller also plays role of fixed blade, gets speed flow in circle direction, increases flow energy, thereby reaching high efficiency and high pressure.

III. Contra-rotating axial flow fan reform with VFD

The fan is very important for production safety. Gas explosion has a direct relation with adequate ventilation in lane. Once ventilation is not smooth, gas density rising leads to explosion, causing serious accident and endangering workers’ life. If such important equipment trips off due to fault, it will threatens whole mine safety heavily. Therefore, VFD which drives equipment must be reliable.

Ruqigou Coal Mine selected Leader&Harvest VFD for contra-rotating axial flow fan of BD-Ⅱ-10NO24/2×200KW and BD-Ⅱ-10NO30/2×280KW. VFDs put into service on 30 th November, 2006. They run in 35～40Hz stably.

VFD application effect:

1. No impact on power grid. Because VFD realizes soft start, it avoids current impact and reduces impact on power grid. It can start/stop at any time, indicating its soft starter function.

2. Air flow is controlled by variable speed. Adjustment range is 0~100%. So it can adjust air flow as per production requirement.

3. Much energy is saved. In VFD control, fan does not need to run in full load. Energy saving rate can reach 63% or more.

4. VFD lowers work labour and prolongs equipment lifetime. In VFD control, fan runs in low speed in most time, which lowers mechanical intensity and electrical impact greatly.

5. VFD reform makes motor connect to fan directly, reducing cost of driving parts.

6. Speed decreasing improves lubricaing state, so fault of drive lowers.

7. Pressure lowering relieves pipe seal, prolonging lifetime.

8. Completed monitor and high reliability heighten efficiency and reduce maintenance labour.

9. After reform with VFD, during operation, two motors are required to keep same frequency, thereby reaching same speed. That one runs in low speed and the other runs in high speed should be avoided, otherwise air resistance creates, affecting fan normal operation.

IV. Concluding remarks

VFD realizes soft start/stop and saves energy. It adjusts speed according to air flow demand in lane easily with ideal effect. China has many coal mines, medium voltage VFD application must be widely in this field.